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Some of the regional varieties of the Spanish language are quite divergent from one another, especially in pronunciation and vocabulary, and less so in grammar. While all Spanish dialects use the same written standard, all spoken varieties differ from the written variety, in different degrees. There are differences between European Spanish (also called Peninsular Spanish) and the Spanish of the Americas, as well as many different dialect areas both within Spain and within Hispanic America. Prominent differences of pronunciation among dialects of Spanish include: # the maintenance or loss of distinction between the phonemes and (''distinción'' vs. ''seseo'' and ''ceceo''); # the maintenance or loss of distinction between phonemes represented orthographically by ''ll'' and ''y'' (''yeísmo''); # the maintenance of syllable-final vs. its weakening to (called aspiration, or more precisely debuccalization), or its loss; and # the tendency, in areas of central Mexico and of the Andean highlands, to reduction (especially devoicing), or loss, of unstressed vowels, mainly when they are in contact with voiceless consonants. Among grammatical features, the most prominent variation among dialects is in the use of the second-person pronouns. In Hispanic America the only second-person plural pronoun, for both formal and informal registers, is , while in most of Spain the informal second-person plural pronoun is with used only in the formal register. For the second-person ''singular'' familiar pronoun, some Hispanic America dialects use (and its associated verb forms), while others use either (see ''voseo'') or both ''tú'' and (which, together with ''usted'', can make for a possible three-tiered distinction of formalities). There are significant differences in vocabulary among regional varieties of Spanish, particularly in the domains of food products, everyday objects, and clothes; and many Hispanic American varieties show considerable lexical influence from Native American languages. ==Sets of variants== In a broad sense, Hispanic American Spanish can be grouped into: * Mexico and the United States (New Mexico, Caló) * Central American * Caribbean (Cuba, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Caribbean Colombia and Caribbean Mexico). * Andean-Pacific (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, western Bolivia, and Andean Venezuela). * Rioplatense (Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay) * Chilean (Chiloé, Cuyo) Old World varieties are: * Northern Peninsular (Asturias, Castilla y León, Cantabria, Basque country, Navarre, Aragón, Rioja, Provinces of Guadalajara and Cuenca) * Central-Southern Peninsular (Madrid, Toledo, La Mancha) * Southern Peninsular (Andalusia, Extremadura, and Murcia) * Canarian (Canary Islands) * Filipino 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish dialects and varieties」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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